在中国文化“走出去” 的时代背景下， 中国文学对外译介受到各界的普遍关注， 同时， 也引发了种种焦虑、争议甚至质疑。由于期待与现实之间的巨大落差，围绕翻译什么、 如何翻译以及如何才算“走出去” 等问题与困惑， 翻译界和文化界对中国文学的对外译介与传播或多或少表现出某种急功近利、 急于求成的功利主义倾向， 因而也存在某些绝对或片面的观念。对此，本文提出应立足于翻译的历史价值观，从翻译的本质属性和根本目标出发， 充分关注文学译介的阶段性和文化交流的不平衡性，进而以历史的、 发展的、 开放的目光， 切实从平等文化交流的意义上考察翻译活动，推进中国文学对外译介。

As Chinese culture is “going abroad，”translation of Chinese literature has garnered statewide attention with some controversies． Facing the gap between ideal and reality， some experts in the field of translation studies have shown more or less utilitarian tendencies which seek for quick success and are impatient for success， thus have some absolute or one-sided ideas in the discussion of translation texts， translation strategies and methods， and the dissemination of Chinese literature and culture． This paper proposes that a historical perspective should be adopted to study the translation of Chinese literature． In order to promote the translation of Chinese literature， we should return to the nature and aim of translation， consider the different stages of literary translation and the imbalance in cultural exchanges， and treat translation as a way of equal cultural exchange．