外语习得的影响因素研究是外语教学与研究中的一个重要问题。本文基于语言经济学理论和视角，利用中国综合社会调查的微观数据，实证分析了语言环境、经济激励对外语习得的影响。研究发现，除性别、年龄等个体因素之外，语言社会环境和经济激励等外部因素正在深刻地影响着当前中国人的外语习得。特别是经济激励，能够显著促进中国人的英语口语和写作水平，其贡献率最大分别达到7.65和10.7个百分点。研究结果有助于加强人们对影响外语习得的经济社会因素的认识，同时为我国外语习得的外部影响因素研究提供经验证据。

The study on the factors that affect foreign language acquisition (FLA) is important to foreign language teaching and research. It helps to understand the learner’s motivation, and thus, is of great significance to promote learner’s foreign language proficiency. Based on theories of language economics and exploiting econometric methodology, this paper estimates the impact of social and economic factors on FLA in China. We find that, in addition to gender, age and other individual factors, the external factors such as language exposure and economic incentives are affecting the FLA in China. In particular, economic incentives can increase Chinese learners’ English speaking and writing proficiency by 7.65% and 10.7%, respectively, in maximum. These findings help to enhance the understanding of the role of social and economic factors in FLA and provide evidence for the relevant theoretical research in China.