传统句子加工理论认为，N400与语义加工困难相关，而P600则反映了句法的修复过程。然而，语义P600的出现却打破了这种一一对应的关系，引起了学术界的极大关注和对句子加工神经机制的再思考。本文对以往研究者提出的六个句子加工模型，即语义吸引模型、监控理论、持续的联合分析模型、扩展的论元依赖模型、加工竞争模型和提取-整合模型进行了梳理，并结合句子加工研究的最新研究成果，对N400和P600成分的神经机制以及相关争议问题进行探讨。

 Traditional sentence processing theories claim that N400 indexes the difficulty of semantic integration and that P600 reflects the revision of syntactic process. However, it is no longer a tenable proposition with the “semantic P600-effect” triggered by the semantic implausibility, which stirred the curiosity of the academia and a rethink of the neural mechanism of sentence processing. In this paper, six major architectures of sentence interpretation -- Semantic Attraction, Monitoring Theory, Continued Combinatory Analysis, the extended Argument Dependency Model, Processing Competition and Retrieval-Integration -- were reviewed and the neural mechanism and debates concerning N400 and P600 were discussed based on the latest research findings.