本文结合国内外学者对翻译能力的研究，依托翻译能力多元观和极简观的理论框架，从元认知视角对翻译能力的本质进行解读。研究通过挖掘元认知在翻译问题动态处理过程中的地位和作用，指出翻译能力的本质就是翻译元能力，包括三个子能力：导向能力、分析能力、评估能力。翻译元能力在元认知调控的导向、计划、监控、评估作用下，以双语能力为基础，识别问题、分析问题、解决问题；同时根据翻译问题及解决的需要，有效调动其他翻译能力，统筹规划翻译过程。

Based on researches done by scholars both home and abroad on translation competence, this paper brings forth a renewed insight into the nature of translation competence from the metecognitive perspective by integrating the idea of pluralism and minimalism . It examines the role played by metacognition in translation problem-solving process, pointing out translation metacompetence as the core of translation competence, including orienting subcompetence, analyzing subcompetence, and evaluating subcompetence. Controlled by metacognitive orienting, planning, monitoring, and evaluating, translation metacompetence identifies, analyzes, and solves problems, and ultimately makes overall plans on the whole translation process by optimizing different translation competences.