基于社会心理学中“角色身份”、“群体身份”和“个人身份”等概念，本文重点辨析了明清中外科技合译者的角色身份，并梳理了由各类角色聚合而成的群体身份。研究发现，明清中外科技合译者主要为外来传教士和本土文人知识分子，合译活动的核心力量为传道差会和官办机构；研究进一步发现明清科技合译 历经由私人交往驱动到特定目标驱动、由被动参与到主动发起、由民间“作坊”模式到官方系统组织的演变。梳理明清中外科技合译者的身份，有助于呈现两朝科技合译活动的本质，并为下一步的合译群体研究及合译者行为研究铺路。

Based on the concepts of “role identity”, “group identity” and “person identity” in social psychology, this paper tries to find out the role identities of the co-translators and the group identities aggregated from different roles. It is found that the Chinese and foreign scientific and technological co-translators in the Ming and Qing dynasties were mainly foreign missionaries and local literati intellectuals, and the main sponsors were the missionary societies and government agencies. It is further found that scientific and technological co-translation in the Ming and Qing dynasties showed a tendency from being driven by private interactions to being driven by specific goals, from the passive participation of translators to their active initiation, and from the folk workshop mode to the government- sponsored mode. The sorting out of the identities of these scientific and technological co-translators helps to present the nature of Sino-foreign co-translation in the two dynasties, and to pave the way for further studies on the co- translation groups and the behavior of co-translators.