国家语言安全是总体国家安全的重要组成部分，但现有研究尚未对该问题的特征进行深入探究。为此，本研究首先明确国家语言安全的概念内涵，以国家安全与国防文件数据库为研究对象，探析国家语言安全问题的特征，并构建问题模型。研究发现，军队语言能力以及官方语言政策执行是国家语言安全的重点议题，且相关问题形成了涵盖语言地位规划、本体规划、习得规划和话语规划的综合问题模型。系统性探究国家语言安全问题特征及其模型，能够为提升总体国家语言安全能力提供理论参考与现实依据。

National language security is a key component of holistic national security, yet existing researches have generally failed to conduct an in-depth exploration of these issues and their characteristics. To address this gap, this paper first clarifies the definition and basic scope of national language security, then takes “National Security and Defence Dataset” as the research object to comprehensively explore the characteristics and develops a model to address national language security issues. The study finds that military language competence and the implementation of official language policies are among the core concerns of national language security. These issues collectively form a complex model encompassing status planning, corpus planning, acquisition planning, and discourse planning. The exploration of national language security issues and model construction may help provide theoretical insights and practical references to improve holistic national language security capabilities.