Translation is not equal to text conversion．It is a complex activity restricted by history，culture society，etc．Therefore，the objects of translation criticism should not be limited to static translation results. The whole dynamic process of translation，from the choice in translation to the reception of translation should be concerned．Many elements in and out of text should be included.Although the traditional text contrast criticism can，on the language level，analyze and evaluate the translation works in detail，this kind of criticism may be one-sided．It is not able to highlight the multiple functions of translation criticism: evaluate the translation works，analyze the translation phenomena，guide the translation practice，etc．This paper points out that，as a bridge of experience and cognition between translation practice and translation theory，translation criticism should penetrate the surface and reach the deeper layer—the process of translation．It should give essential attention to the elements out of text that affect the production and the reception of translation，especially the subject of translation．Thus the historicity，the integrity and the practicability of translation criticism can be showed．