Whether there is a translation theory with Chinese characteristics is not a matter of dispute, but a matter of practice. The great difference between the practice of Chinese–Indo-European translation and that of translation within European languages predetermines the necessity of such a theory. The building of such a theory is at the same time a process to seek the right of discourse for the Chinese translators. As the loss of “right of discourse” is a result of the over-Westernization in Chinese academy for the past century, it is necessary to return to the Chinese tradition to dig up the Chinese terms. The restudy of wen, zhi, and xin, da, ya proves there does exist a Chinese translation theory different from its Western counterpart, a translation theory based on the traditional theory of letters composition.