This article starts from Aristotle’s classical rhetoric theory and modern persuasion theory of communication studies, and introduces the ideas to the field of translation, which reveals a novel perspective to translation studies, i.e. to regard translation as a process of persuasion in which the translator uses his work to persuade readers. A translation of strong persuasive power will be well received, universally acknowledged and widely spread. Meanwhile, it mentions four major factors that may affect the persuasiveness of translation, namely, the translator, the receptor, the translated text and the external environment. Furthermore, the author points out the focus of future study, that is, the factors that determine the persuasiveness of texts of different genres, the strategies that can enhance the persuasiveness of various texts, etc. so as to form a comprehensive and systematic theoretical framework of translation as persuasion.