Since the inception of the linguistics, the theme of Neurolinguistics research aims for the brain mechanism and intervention of speech disorders. With the continuous progress of neuroscience, linguistics, especially psycholinguistics, the research of Neurolinguistics has undergone a quite innovation from pathology to physiology. Unfortunately, there has not yet enough attention on this new vision. Therefore, the author conducts a literature review, synthesizes the trends and summarizes the five major hypotheses. From the perspective of combining neural linguistics and foreign language teaching, the current paper investigated the development of Neurolinguistics theories. Based upon the frontier literature searched, the article concludes five major approaches of heated-discussed research topics, and pinpoints “optimizing language learning” as characteristics of “intervening” learning mechanism. Finally, the author proposes four suggestions on optimizing foreign language teaching and learning.