This study is to reveal the organization and development of Chinese-English bilingual mental lexicon through a response time (RT) experiment. Two groups of college students were recruited as participants, and performed Chinese-English translation recognition tasks. The experimental materials were 576 word pairs, ordered in Latin-Square design into four lists. Each list contained word pairs of translation equivalent, form distracter, and meaning distracter, and unrelated word pairs. Between-subject comparison showed there was robust difference only in meaning interference effect. And results of within-subject comparison were that meaning interference effect was significantly stronger than form interference effect only in high-proficiency group. These results suggest that the most prominent feature of Chinese EFL learners’mental lexicon is that lexical links may coexist with semantic links in the long term, unsynchronized and unbalanced in the quantitative development of their linking strength.