English ability construct, English teaching and autonomous learning are the three intertwined aspects related to English proficiency test. Zhu et al (2021) discussed the six important questions concerning English ability construct. This article focuses on the relationship between teaching and testing, graded teaching, current situation and prominent problems of English ability of Chinese college students, autonomous learning, validity and reliability of English proficiency tests, etc. Correct understanding of these issues will be extremely important for the design and value orientation of a school-based English proficiency test, and thus have an effect on the efficiency of college English teaching.