In the Chinese translation process of Western mathematics, methods such as transliteration, paraphrase, creative translation, borrowing were mainly used to express the corresponding foreign words during the Ming and Qing dynasties. For the Chinese translation of Western mathematical terms, Chinese characters used in the Ming Dynasty are the precursor of scientific translation in China’s history, and on the basis of the achievements from the Ming Dynasty, those used in the Qing Dynasty are more systematic and theoretical. The Ming and Qing dynasties both saw important theoretical systems and methodological skills in the Chinese translation of Western mathematical words, which enabled a largescale translation of Western mathematics. Moreover, huge translation of Western mathematics in the Ming and Qing dynasties led to the gradual formation of a Chinese-translated mathematical terminology system and provided a theoretical basis for the building of a new knowledge system of Chinese mathematics. While the Chinese mathematical knowledge system was formed, the Chinese mathematical discourse system was also established.