This study examines the multidimensional relationship between working memory and second language reading comprehension. The results show the distinctive roles of the processing and storage components of working memory in second language reading comprehension with only the processing component being significantly correlated with second language reading comprehension suggesting its crucial role in the close relationship between working memory and second language reading comprehension. The results also reveal the differential effects of working memory on inferential comprehension and literal comprehension with only inferential comprehension being directly influenced by working memory due to its internal complexity. The data also indicate the influence of second language vocabulary knowledge on the relationship between working memory and second language reading comprehension. The participants with a smaller vocabulary size depend more on their working memory. The results indicate the interaction between working memory and long-term memory in second language reading comprehension.