This article, by the method of historical literature analysis, synchronically investigates the achievements of China’s national program of legal translation from the perspective of national security by probing into several historical periods influencing China’s modern rule of law development, so as to summarize the distinct characteristics of the national legal translation program in different periods and expound its intrinsic nature of safeguarding national security. Over one hundred years, legal translation has witnessed the turn from importing to exporting. In the times of New Era, legal translation plays the vital role in global governance, fighting against American legal hegemony and securing China’s legal sovereignty and national security. The general planning of legal translation should be made with the elevation of its position.