Based on the national policy guidelines for country and region studies in terms of disciplinary setting, scientific research, and talents cultivation, this paper firstly analyzes the connotation of regionology and country and region studies and puts forward nine core features of regionology. Secondly, it proposes six essential elements for constructing a regionology system with Chinese characteristics: building a disciplinary knowledge system, highlighting locally situated knowledge clusters while constructing a world-oriented social knowledge structure, developing universal theories and establishing a cross-disciplinary knowledge framework, serving the exchange and mutual learning among world civilizations with research objects that must encompass the globe, constructing a body of knowledge shared by all humanity, and adopting problem-oriented, integrated, project-based research. Finally, the paper presents ten key components for talents cultivation, including key countries, key languages, key fields, key knowledge, key methods, key competencies, key perspectives, key processes, key resources, and key curricula.