This paper mainly explores the cognitive renewal linguistic data science brings to linguistic inquiry and its theoretical connotations. Building on a concise overview of dataology and existing language data studies, this paper focuses on the discussion of five core issues concerning language data science: the theoretical nature of language data science as a subdiscipline, theoretical considerations underlying its disciplinary construction, the theoretical necessity of introducing this subdiscipline into the academic field, the cognitive renewal it introduces to linguistic inquiry, and its theoretical connotations. In brief, this paper primarily addresses two central issues: First, language data science reshapes modern linguistic understandings of the relationship between language and data, as well as the conceptual nature of “language data”. Second, grounded in a reconceptualization of “language data”, this paper outlines the major theoretical connotations of Language Data Science from five dimensions.