听写既是一种语言测试方法也是一种教学手段。单词听写作为一种传统的教学手段，曾被广泛地运用于我国外语教学中。本研究改良了传统的单词听写任务，通过实证研究求证该任务对大学英语词汇习得的作用。结果表明，复杂式单词听写任务中，学习者的学习过程具有“曲折反复，总体上升”的路径特点，高水平学习者呈现出持续进步趋势，低水平学习者呈阶段性进步趋势；该任务促进学习者词汇知识由接受性向产出性转变。个案分析揭示，单词释义形式与学习效果相关性强，注意力投入越多，效果越好。此外，教师的指导方法对学习者策略使用有重要影响，重复策略在单词学习中最为关键。

Dictation is not only a means of language testing, but also a teaching method. As a traditional teaching method, word dictation has been widely used in foreign language teaching in China. This study improved the traditional task of word dictation and carried on an empirical experiment, trying to verify its effect on college English vocabulary acquisition. The results show that the complex word dictation has positive effects on vocabulary acquisition. The research also shows that the form of word interpretation is closely related to learning effects, and teachers are suggested to guide students to adjust their learning strategies to improve learning efficiency.