2014年国务院启动最新一轮全国高考综合改革，上海成为试点的两个省市之一。本文旨在研究本轮上海英语新高考听说测试的政策变化对高中英语教学所产生的反拨效应，主要采用问卷调查、访谈和课堂观察等方法，数据分析显示上海英语新高考在听说教学内容方面有较多积极的反拨效应，而在教学方法和教材使用方面则兼有正面与负面的反拨效应；新高考对高中不同年级、不同类别学校的师生群体带来的反拨效应存在较多差异性。

The Gaokao reform policies issued by the Chinese State Council in 2014 have been considered one of the most important policy changes in Chinese education in recent years. Shanghai, as one the two pilot regions for the new Gaokao reform, conducted the first round of new English Gaokao in January and June of 2017. This paper reports an empirical study that investigated the actual impact of the English Gaokao reform (the inclusion of Listening and Speaking component in particular)on teaching and learning of English in Shanghai high schools, in comparison to the expected washback effects by the policy makers, so that we may offer useful and practical suggestions to provinces and municipalities yet to start the reform. The results show that Shanghai English Gaokao reform has brought many positive washback effects, including the increased diversity and authenticity of teaching materials, more emphasis on the practice of communicative and integrated language skills in class. However, there are also negative washback effects, which are most notable in grade three classes: there are too many mock tests of the new item types in teaching materials, and too much teaching and practice of testtaking techniques. Differences of the washback effects are found among teachers of different age groups and years of teaching experience, and among students with different levels of English proficiency.