人工智能的发展历经三次浪潮，下一个十年是其成败的关键。前两次浪潮中，语言学深度参与甚至推动了人工智能的发展。但在当前的第三次浪潮中，语言学的重要性显著下降。本文梳理语言学和人工智能的关系，试图回答语言未能积极参与第三次浪潮的原因。本文认为，语言学正经历着类脑指向的理论革新阶段，为语言学和人工智能的下一轮融合奠定了基础。人工智能正走向算力的瓶颈，面对着新的挑战。语言学经历百年积累，能够有力促进人工智能从“大数据＋弱规则”到“小数据＋强规则”的转变。

The development of artificial intelligence has gone through three waves, and the next decade is crucial for its success or failure. In the first two waves, linguistics played a significant role, even driving the development of artificial intelligence. However, in the current wave, the importance of linguistics has significantly declined. This article examines the relationship between linguistics and artificial intelligence, attempting to address the reasons why linguistics has not actively participated in the third wave. The article argues that linguistics is undergoing a theoretical revolution towards brain-like direction, laying the foundation for the next round of integration between linguistics and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is approaching the bottleneck of computing power and facing new challenges. With a century of accumulation, linguistics can effectively promote the transition of artificial intelligence from “big data + small rules” to “small data + big rules”.