关键语种人才培养是当前国家教育战略的重要组成部分。本文从关键语种的概念起源和国家战略需求入手，聚焦上海市基础教育阶段关键语种人才早期培养的顶层设计、教研体系建设、复合型课程开发，系统梳理其发展历程、主要举措以及成效，分析当前在政策体系、培养路径、评价框架、师资力量及资源建设等方面面临的困难与挑战，提出打造全市教学高地、构建人才贯通培养体系、研制跨学段语言能力量表、运用AI赋能教学等未来的发展举措。

The cultivation of talent in strategically significant foreign languages constitutes a core component of China’s current national education agenda. This study traces the conceptual evolution of “critical languages”and situates their development within broader national strategic imperatives. Focusing on early-stage talent cultivation in Shanghai’s basic education system, it examines the top-level institutional design, the construction of research-and-teaching support structures, and the development of interdisciplinary and integrated curricula. The paper provides a systematic account of the historical trajectory, major policy initiatives, and practical outcomes achieved to date. It further identifies persistent challenges in policy coordination, training pathways, assessment frameworks, faculty capacity building, and resource development. In response, the study proposes a set of forward-looking strategies, including establishing a citywide model zone for high-quality instruction, constructing a vertically integrated talent pipeline, developing cross-grade language proficiency scales, and employing AI technologies to enhance pedagogical effectiveness.