大语言模型辅助下的语言复杂性探讨

何伟 胡自威

外语教学理论与实践 ›› 2026, Vol. 200 ›› Issue (2) : 25.

外语教学理论与实践 ›› 2026, Vol. 200 ›› Issue (2) : 25.
“数智赋能,靶向破题—语言学研究的深化与拓新”专栏

大语言模型辅助下的语言复杂性探讨

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Exploration of language complexity assisted by large language models

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摘要

本文基于大语言模型,对英语常用动词在及物性过程中的分布特征及动词自身的相应用法进行系统分析,旨在论证语言作为一个有机符号系统所具有的复杂性本质。研究发现:英语常用动词在及物性过程中的分布显著不均衡,动作过程占比最高,心理与关系过程次之。在“核心—核心—边缘—边缘”连续统义项用法上,动作过程动词多为核心词,关系过程动词多为边缘词;动词的非核心义主要源于动作过程。此外,约80%的动词主要体现单一过程,约20%具有复合过程特征。英语常用动词在及物性过程中的分布与用法,呈现出明显的帕累托式不均衡特征。这一现象是语言作为有机符号系统的一个微观例证,具体体现出其整体性、动态性、非线性(如涌现性与不确定性)、不对称性、适应性与演化性等多重特质。这也进一步说明,语言系统同时受到生物普遍规律与社会文化情境的双重塑造。

Abstract

Using Large Language Models (LLMs), this study conducts a systematic analysis of the distribution characteristics of common English verbs in transitivity processes and their corresponding usages, aiming to demonstrate the complex nature of language as an organic semiotic system. Research findings reveal a distinct macro-level asymmetry in the distribution of common verbs across material, mental, and relational processes. Notably, verbs that realize material processes are predominant. In the realization of processes, English common verbs exhibit a core periphery distribution: verbs that realize material processes occupy the core, whereas those that realize relational processes are predominantly peripheral. Non-core meanings of verbs primarily originate from material processes, followed by mental processes, with relational processes contributing the least. Furthermore, approximately 80% of verbs predominantly realize a single process type, whereas around 20% demonstrate combined usage. The Pareto-style imbalance exhibited by English common verbs in their transitivity processes serves as a microcosm of language as an organic symbolic system. It specifically embodies multiple traits of the system, such as wholeness, dynamics, nonlinearity (emergence and uncertainty), asymmetry, adaptability, and evolvability. This precisely indicates that language systems are simultaneously shaped by both universal biological laws and social-cultural contexts.

关键词

大语言模型 / 语言有机观 / 及物性系统 / 动词用法 / 复杂性

Key words

Large Language Model / language as an organic semiotic system / transitivity / usage of verbs / complexity

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何伟 胡自威. 大语言模型辅助下的语言复杂性探讨[J]. 外语教学理论与实践. 2026, 200(2): 25
HE Wei & HU Ziwei. Exploration of language complexity assisted by large language models[J]. Foreign Language Learning Theory and Practice. 2026, 200(2): 25

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